B. Pharmacy 1st Semester Human anatomy and physiology Explain content 2025
Unit – 1
Introduction to human body
- Definition and scope of anatomy and physiology
- Levels of structural organization and body systems
- Basic life processes
- Homeostasis
- basic anatomical terminology
Cellular level of organization
- Structure and functions of cell
- Transport across cell membrane
- Cell division
- Cell junctions
- General principles of cell communication
- Intracellular signalling pathway activation by extracellular signal
- Molecule, Forms of intracellular signalling: a) Contact-dependent b)Paracrine c) Synaptic d) Endocrine
Tissue level of organization
- Classification of tissues
- Epithelial tissues
- Muscular tissues
- Nervous tissues
- Connective tissues
Unit – 2
Integumentary system
- Structure and functions of skin
Skeletal system
- Divisions of skeletal system, types of bone
- salient features and functions of bones of axial and appendicular skeletal system
- Organization of skeletal muscle
- Physiology of muscle contraction,
- neuromuscular junction
Joints
- Structural and functional classification
- Types of joints
- Types of joints movements and its articulation
Unit – 3
Body fluids and blood
- Body fluids,
- Composition and functions of blood,
- Hemopoeisis,
- Formation of hemoglobin, anemia,
- Mechanisms of coagulation,
- Blood grouping, Rh factors, transfusion, its significance and disorders of blood,
- Reticulo endothelial system.
Lymphatic system
- Lymphatic organs and tissues, lymphatic vessels, lymph circulation and functions of lymphatic syst
Unit – 4
Peripheral nervous system
- Classification of peripheral nervous system: Structure and functions of sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system.
- Origin and functions of spinal and cranial nerves.
Special senses
Unit – 5
Cardiovascular system
- Heart – anatomy of heart, blood circulation, blood vessels, structure and functions of artery, vein and capillaries, elements of conduction system of heart and heart beat, its regulation by autonomic nervous system, cardiac output, cardiac cycle.
- Regulation of blood pressure, pulse, electrocardiogram and disorders of heart.
